Wednesday, November 26, 2008

LOOGY f/x

Here's a dump of PITCHf/x data on a gaggle of free agent and minor league free agent relief pitchers. This is what the Cubs have left to pick from.

More Pitchers Added 11/28

Still missing a LOOGY? Leave a comment and I'll add them, if there's data.
For more LOOGY material (including already signed guys), see R.J. Swindle, Trever Miller, Jeremy Affeldt, Neal Cotts, Sean Marshall, Brian Shouse, Damaso Marte, Joe Beimel (the last set includes some non-f/x notes on Donald Veal and JR Mathes).

The list of Minor League Free Agents (partial) I stole from is at DC Sports Plus, and is by no means complete. I took the free agents from MLBTR. You can see some Rule V prospects at The Baseball Analysts, including Donnie Veal.

A lot of these guys are obviously not of interest to the Cubs, but I include them anyway, for curiosity's sake. And some of these guys aren't LOOGYs per say, but, again, whtvr.

The tables below are sortable (assuming you are viewing this on cubsfx.com). Try not to laugh at some of the names. Data is combined 2007/8, whatever was available.

Some quick definitions first ... cfx are my pitch id's, pfx_x and pfx_z are spin movement (deviation from the path of a spinless pitch) in inches, deg is "degrees", a representation of the spin direction and rpm is, you guessed it, revolutions per minute, or spin rate.

The rows without pitch IDs are the average values for a pitcher (really not meaningful in this first table). I'm not distinguishing two-seam and four-seam fastballs, even when it is not difficult to do. For some reason, I must have given Ricardo Rincon special treatment.



































































































































































































































































































firstlastcfx#mphpfx_xpfx_zdegrpm
RayKingFA12989.48.17.4132.21,425.5
RayKingSL18882.6-0.63.3188.5504.4
ErasmoRamirezCH767.88.83.9113.1918.0
ErasmoRamirezFA2684.210.86.4120.01,483.1
ErasmoRamirezSL280.63.65.9149.9783.0
RandyKeislerCH981.56.99.0142.31,295.0
RandyKeislerCU270.80.3-6.1183.2596.3
RandyKeislerFA2989.24.910.3154.21,435.0
RandyKeislerSL382.60.33.6176.2420.3
ErickThreetsCH4979.83.99.3157.31,173.9
ErickThreetsFA15495.03.69.8159.81,431.6
ErickThreetsSL1280.3-1.3-0.3173.8368.5
ArnieMunozCH180.04.36.2145.7859.8
ArnieMunozCU1074.1-3.5-7.5154.7892.5
ArnieMunozFA2687.86.210.1148.51,499.4
ArnieMunozSL282.2-0.61.9203.1285.8
JonSwitzerCH1281.57.79.0141.11,371.4
JonSwitzerFA12990.57.59.3141.11,562.6
JonSwitzerSL4082.90.04.6181.0565.2
MikeGoslingCH2982.69.26.6126.51,332.2
MikeGoslingCU573.4-3.0-5.6156.2710.3
MikeGoslingFA21692.09.18.2132.31,602.7
MikeGoslingSL8383.70.92.6163.3415.3
ChrisSeddonCH8677.29.97.2125.91,367.1
ChrisSeddonCU174.4-1.8-5.9162.7653.3
ChrisSeddonFA14486.66.79.6145.21,467.5
ChrisSeddonSL3581.30.13.1177.6420.8
JuanLaraCH1384.79.03.7112.51,170.1
JuanLaraFA989.71.97.2165.7964.6
JuanLaraSL383.7-1.41.4219.2257.8
TroyCateCH175.89.44.9117.31,137.7
TroyCateCU771.8-3.0-6.3154.6706.5
TroyCateFA3989.65.911.4152.71,633.1
TroyCateSL881.5-0.71.4203.4230.5
RonFloresCH5278.49.46.9126.21,295.1
RonFloresFA7886.57.19.2142.91,432.2
RonFloresSL2679.40.32.0172.9350.1
JuanPerezCH1587.68.16.8130.81,327.8
JuanPerezCU4981.2-4.9-2.7131.9682.5
JuanPerezFA5594.78.28.2135.31,569.1
BillWhiteCH1583.27.97.0129.61,298.6
BillWhiteFA14791.67.69.0139.71,548.6
BillWhiteSL8781.71.60.6175.9278.8
BobbyLivingstonCH12677.18.74.8119.61,095.6
BobbyLivingstonCU3870.3-1.5-3.5165.9438.0
BobbyLivingstonFA22987.59.56.1123.11,412.7
BobbyLivingstonSL4882.20.93.3169.8484.2
WillieCollazoCH675.410.6-2.6255.41,154.1
WillieCollazoFA2585.711.72.0157.81,462.0
WillieCollazoSL1073.6-3.7-0.6182.1481.9
JasonMillerCH1078.59.09.3135.91,449.0
JasonMillerFA1787.57.611.5146.81,705.3
JasonMillerSL472.1-3.5-1.5113.8395.1
StephenRandolphCH2680.97.17.1135.11,179.0
StephenRandolphFA13491.63.711.8162.41,617.1
StephenRandolphSL4684.1-2.02.4200.7456.5
MikeBacsikCH11879.39.63.7112.41,181.9
MikeBacsikFA30585.17.68.2136.61,387.3
MikeBacsikSL14475.10.9-0.2186.6239.2
JohnRheineckerCH12680.78.26.4127.61,230.6
JohnRheineckerCU9773.1-6.2-3.4123.2746.6
JohnRheineckerF222187.48.26.8129.21,328.9
JohnRheineckerF411787.73.19.0161.11,199.0
JohnRheineckerSL1082.6-0.44.8186.4606.0
MikeGoslingCH2982.69.26.6126.51,332.2
MikeGoslingCU573.4-3.0-5.6156.2710.3
MikeGoslingFA21692.09.18.2132.31,602.7
MikeGoslingSL8383.70.92.6163.3415.3
RoyceRingCH2878.68.74.4116.51,112.1
RoyceRingCU28873.2-8.4-1.9128.4905.1
RoyceRingFA37289.09.84.4116.61,371.5
SeanHennCH3282.98.010.0141.01,519.2
SeanHennFA20992.05.510.3151.31,545.8
SeanHennSL9784.5-1.24.4192.2628.8
CarmenCaliCH1884.28.66.4126.81,278.8
CarmenCaliFA11592.310.65.8118.41,585.6
CarmenCaliSL10785.11.00.7168.9270.5
MarkMcLemoreCH6278.88.110.2141.61,460.8
MarkMcLemoreFA22290.47.611.5146.71,753.5
MarkMcLemoreSL5382.7-0.13.7183.5455.7
HeathPhillipsCH3680.18.57.4130.91,279.4
HeathPhillipsCU1574.5-3.8-2.9137.4531.6
HeathPhillipsFA2989.45.99.0147.11,362.6
HeathPhillipsSL3183.30.05.7181.0692.3
AlanEmbreeCH3285.67.18.4139.21,359.3
AlanEmbreeFA139193.96.69.8146.21,594.2
AlanEmbreeSL28681.10.10.3180.1211.6
EddieGuardadoCH8679.67.15.9133.21,087.1
EddieGuardadoFA88487.08.49.4138.01,562.0
EddieGuardadoSL17479.72.14.5160.8645.6
DarrenOliverCH1384.68.03.6114.41,064.9
DarrenOliverFA118090.13.27.9158.21,114.1
DarrenOliverSL55978.9-5.8-0.8165.2686.2
DennysReyesCH9685.86.72.7127.9909.4
DennysReyesCU1379.1-3.0-1.1166.6428.5
DennysReyesFA39490.79.05.7123.51,401.3
DennysReyesSL28884.70.92.4165.2388.1
ArthurRhodesCH3087.43.611.3162.01,480.7
ArthurRhodesFA36992.55.410.2152.01,521.3
ArthurRhodesSL16684.6-2.83.0212.6574.2
RicardoRinconCH182.98.16.1126.71,190.6
RicardoRinconF21187.29.35.3119.61,326.2
RicardoRinconF4986.04.68.1151.31,142.8
RicardoRinconSL4082.80.94.7171.9600.2
GlendonRuschCH11881.65.77.0139.91,066.4
GlendonRuschFA91389.85.38.9148.31,340.9
GlendonRuschFC18382.2-0.23.2182.0434.2
GlendonRuschSL14475.1-0.1-1.8185.2295.7
RonVilloneCH7484.69.34.5115.91,241.4
RonVilloneFA74791.47.48.9140.11,520.6
RonVilloneSL27784.7-0.92.1187.5453.4
BrianFuentesCH25173.47.8-1.2177.2944.5
BrianFuentesFA116692.610.85.6117.41,607.7
BrianFuentesSL23178.5-3.50.6194.5483.8
WillOhmanCH2983.88.66.4125.81,295.0
WillOhmanFA73990.55.78.7147.01,358.3
WillOhmanSL44681.9-0.60.6183.5318.4
HoracioRamirezCH19684.46.57.3138.21,185.4
HoracioRamirezFA98090.76.98.0139.31,372.0
HoracioRamirezFC41486.90.75.3174.6692.9
HoracioRamirezSL27179.4-1.60.4182.7292.1
CaseyFossumCH379.87.74.8122.61,025.0
CaseyFossumCU15673.9-8.1-3.6119.3948.4
CaseyFossumFA30188.07.16.0130.81,219.4
CaseyFossumSL32683.5-0.22.5180.8394.2
MarkHendricksonCH58682.66.47.9140.91,217.0
MarkHendricksonCU49273.9-4.3-3.5140.6612.2
MarkHendricksonFA231688.66.18.9146.31,390.3
CarmenPignatielloFA2186.16.66.6136.61,199.4
CarmenPignatielloSL2478.8-2.6-2.0141.6493.7
TravisBlackleyCH5978.98.65.7126.61,181.5
TravisBlackleyCU1373.2-1.2-7.3168.9807.1
TravisBlackleyFA7485.47.210.5145.91,559.0
TravisBlackleyFC1982.81.45.3164.4662.3



Pitch effectiveness - here the average by pitcher is a little more helpful. In any case, the numbers are swing rate, whiff rate (whiffs/swings), balls to called strike ratio (as called by the umps), In Strike Zone rate (rule book width, PITCHf/x provided top and bottoms), Paint (just off the edge, rounding out the "as played" strike zone), Chase is swing rate for pitches out of the rule book zone and Watch is the opposite - takes in the zone.





































































































































































































































































































































































firstlastcfx#LHHRHHSwingWhiffB:CSISZPaintChaseWatch
RayKingFA12933960.31780.14633.63160.32560.07750.18390.4048
RayKingSL188107810.47340.21351.39020.40430.10110.39290.4079
RayKing
3171401770.41010.19232.10000.37220.09150.30150.4068
ErasmoRamirezCH7160.42860.00001.00000.28570.14290.40000.5000
ErasmoRamirezFA2612140.38460.20004.33330.42310.07690.33330.5455
ErasmoRamirezSL2200.50000.0000
0.50000.00000.00000.0000
ErasmoRamirez
3515200.40000.14293.20000.40000.08570.33330.5000
RandyKeislerCH9090.77780.0000
0.55560.22220.50000.0000
RandyKeislerCU2021.00000.0000
1.00000.0000
0.0000
RandyKeislerFA299200.44830.00001.28570.34480.31030.36840.4000
RandyKeislerSL3210.33330.0000
0.33330.00000.00000.0000
RandyKeisler
4311320.53490.00001.85710.41860.25580.36000.2222
ErickThreetsCH493460.48980.41677.33330.32650.08160.33330.1875
ErickThreetsFA154381160.37660.15522.35710.42210.09090.21350.4000
ErickThreetsSL121020.33330.5000
0.33330.08330.00000.0000
ErickThreets
215511640.40000.24423.06450.39530.08840.23080.3412
ArnieMunozCH1010.0000

0.00000.00000.0000
ArnieMunozCU10550.30000.00002.50000.20000.00000.25000.5000
ArnieMunozFA2613130.46150.00002.50000.38460.15380.25000.2000
ArnieMunozSL2110.0000
1.00000.50000.00000.00001.0000
ArnieMunoz
3919200.38460.00002.42860.33330.10260.23080.3077
JonSwitzerCH121110.41670.4000
0.33330.08330.12500.0000
JonSwitzerFA12954750.51940.20902.10000.49610.06980.36920.3281
JonSwitzerSL4025150.57500.13042.40000.55000.10000.33330.2273
JonSwitzer
181801010.52490.20002.44000.49720.07730.34070.2889
MikeGoslingCH290290.31030.333319.00000.17240.10340.16670.0000
MikeGoslingCU5230.20000.00000.33330.80000.00000.00000.7500
MikeGoslingFA216711450.44910.11342.50000.39350.11110.25190.2471
MikeGoslingSL8345380.54220.35562.80000.44580.10840.34780.2162
MikeGosling
3331182150.45650.19742.77080.39340.10810.26240.2443
ChrisSeddonCH869770.58140.18006.20000.37210.11630.44440.1875
ChrisSeddonCU1101.00000.0000
0.00000.00001.0000
ChrisSeddonFA144321120.35420.09801.90630.38890.08330.21590.4286
ChrisSeddonSL357280.62860.227312.00000.22860.14290.59260.2500
ChrisSeddon
266492170.46620.15322.73680.36090.10150.35290.3333
JuanLaraCH130130.46150.8333
0.15380.15380.36360.0000
JuanLaraFA9360.33330.00000.50000.44440.22220.20000.5000
JuanLaraSL3300.66670.00000.00001.00000.0000
0.3333
JuanLara
256190.44000.45451.80000.36000.16000.31250.3333
TroyCateCH1011.00000.0000
1.00000.0000
0.0000
TroyCateCU7250.71430.4000
0.57140.00000.33330.0000
TroyCateFA3916230.33330.15383.33330.23080.17950.23330.3333
TroyCateSL8800.25000.0000
0.12500.25000.28571.0000
TroyCate
5526290.38180.19054.66670.27270.16360.25000.2667
RonFloresCH520520.55770.48284.75000.19230.19230.50000.2000
RonFloresFA7815630.43590.08821.93330.35900.26920.30000.3214
RonFloresSL262060.38460.20001.28570.50000.00000.30770.5385
RonFlores
156351210.46790.26032.19230.32690.19870.38100.3529
JuanPerezCH150150.66670.20004.00000.60000.06670.50000.2222
JuanPerezCU4919300.32650.50001.53850.32650.08160.36360.7500
JuanPerezFA5517380.47270.26922.62500.36360.16360.34290.3000
JuanPerez
11936830.43700.32692.04550.37820.11760.36490.4444
BillWhiteCH150150.53330.12506.00000.20000.13330.41670.0000
BillWhiteFA147431040.34690.09802.55560.31970.14970.27000.4894
BillWhiteSL8746410.43680.39472.26670.36780.12640.30910.3438
BillWhite
249891600.38960.21652.53490.32930.14060.29340.4146
BobbyLivingstonCH126111150.59520.29333.25000.32540.11900.49410.1951
BobbyLivingstonCU389290.34210.07691.77780.39470.10530.26090.5333
BobbyLivingstonFA229651640.44100.08911.56000.44540.17470.24410.3137
BobbyLivingstonSL4821270.56250.18529.50000.27080.08330.45710.1538
BobbyLivingston
4411063350.48980.17132.08220.38780.14290.35190.2924
WillieCollazoCH6150.83330.8000
0.50000.00000.66670.0000
WillieCollazoFA2515100.36000.00002.20000.32000.04000.29410.5000
WillieCollazoSL101000.40000.00002.00000.50000.00000.20000.4000
WillieCollazo
4126150.43900.22222.28570.39020.02440.32000.3750
JasonMillerCH100100.60000.0000
0.40000.10000.50000.2500
JasonMillerFA173140.29410.00001.00000.47060.11760.22220.6250
JasonMillerSL4310.50000.00001.00000.75000.00000.00000.3333
JasonMiller
316250.41940.00001.57140.48390.09680.31250.4667
StephenRandolphCH261250.34620.44443.2500.26920.23080.26320.4286
StephenRandolphFA13450840.32840.2502.10340.37310.12690.21430.480
StephenRandolphSL4625210.500.69574.7500.19570.15220.51350.5556
StephenRandolph
206761300.36890.40792.51350.32040.14560.300.4848
MikeBacsikCH11811170.61020.11113.600.38140.15250.43840.1111
MikeBacsikFA305642410.37050.06191.95380.36720.12130.22800.3839
MikeBacsikSL14466780.40280.34482.58330.29170.10420.31370.3810
MikeBacsik
5671314360.42860.14402.27270.35100.12350.29350.3216
JohnRheineckerCH126181080.53170.28363.53850.38100.16670.44870.3333
JohnRheineckerCU9738590.32990.28131.95450.40210.12370.18970.4615
JohnRheineckerF2221621590.38910.08142.06820.36200.14480.25530.3750
JohnRheineckerF411750670.47010.16362.100.35900.13680.33330.2857
JohnRheineckerSL1055450.5500.41821.81250.4100.0600.44070.2927
JohnRheinecker
6612234380.44630.22712.18260.37820.13160.32360.3520
MikeGoslingCH290290.31030.333319.00.17240.10340.16670.0
MikeGoslingCU5230.200.00.33330.800.00.00.750
MikeGoslingFA216711450.44910.11342.500.39350.11110.25190.2471
MikeGoslingSL8345380.54220.35562.800.44580.10840.34780.2162
MikeGosling
3331182150.45650.19742.77080.39340.10810.26240.2443
RoyceRingCH280280.46430.07694.00.2500.10710.33330.1429
RoyceRingCU2881811070.37150.42992.7500.30210.11110.29350.4483
RoyceRingFA372201720.43010.13751.42530.47850.13170.26800.3933
RoyceRing
6883813070.40700.24641.94200.39530.12210.28370.4044
SeanHennCH320320.43750.21438.00.18750.12500.34620.1667
SeanHennFA209541550.36360.17112.16670.38280.16270.20160.3750
SeanHennSL9747500.49480.27085.12500.35050.06190.36510.2647
SeanHenn
3381012370.40830.21012.84620.35500.13020.26610.3333
CarmenCaliCH180180.55560.107.00.38890.05560.36360.1429
CarmenCaliFA11544710.39130.11112.68420.42610.12170.21210.3673
CarmenCaliSL10770370.43930.36171.30770.42060.10280.33870.4222
CarmenCali
2401141260.42500.22552.00.42080.10830.28060.3762
MarkMcLemoreCH629530.51610.34382.00.43550.08060.34290.2593
MarkMcLemoreFA222761460.44140.18372.54290.40540.11710.27270.3111
MarkMcLemoreSL5329240.52830.2502.57140.39620.13210.37500.2381
MarkMcLemore
3371142230.46880.22782.44230.40950.11280.30150.2899
HeathPhillipsCH365310.52780.10531.12500.47220.13890.26320.1765
HeathPhillipsCU15780.46670.14293.00.33330.13330.300.20
HeathPhillipsFA2910190.41380.2504.66670.44830.06900.2500.3846
HeathPhillipsSL3112190.35480.09091.85710.45160.12900.23530.50
HeathPhillips
11134770.44140.14292.100.44140.11710.25810.3265
AlanEmbreeCH323290.34380.18189.50000.21880.06250.24000.2857
AlanEmbreeFA139135310380.52260.18712.41240.44640.12010.34290.2544
AlanEmbreeSL2861561300.45450.33853.58820.31820.07690.36920.3626
AlanEmbree
170951211970.50790.20972.64780.42070.11180.34550.2684
EddieGuardadoCH8617690.59300.17657.75000.29070.12790.47540.1200
EddieGuardadoFA8842646200.44340.11731.51020.43780.14710.25960.3204
EddieGuardadoSL174111630.52870.260912.66670.35060.09770.33630.1148
EddieGuardado
11443927520.46770.14771.95630.41350.13810.29210.2833
DarrenOliverCH130130.30770.2500
0.15380.15380.18180.0000
DarrenOliverFA11803518290.42200.11041.72290.42540.15170.28470.3924
DarrenOliverSL5593152440.48120.30481.95920.39180.11090.41470.4155
DarrenOliver
175266610860.44010.17901.81560.41270.13870.32650.3983
DennysReyesCH968880.55210.33965.14290.32290.07290.46150.2581
DennysReyesCU13940.53850.14295.00000.61540.00000.00000.1250
DennysReyesFA3942161780.41120.12962.10810.46450.10910.22270.3716
DennysReyesSL288195930.51040.36052.43900.37850.07640.39110.2936
DennysReyes
7914283630.46650.25202.41460.41850.09100.31960.3293
ArthurRhodesCH301290.56670.05882.25000.53330.10000.35710.2500
ArthurRhodesFA3691871820.46880.19651.64860.46880.11380.30610.3468
ArthurRhodesSL166120460.50600.40482.41670.32530.07830.43750.3519
ArthurRhodes
5653082570.48500.25181.85290.43010.10270.35400.3416
RicardoRinconCH1010.0000

0.00000.00000.0000
RicardoRinconF211380.36360.00002.50000.18180.18180.22220.0000
RicardoRinconF49900.44440.25001.50000.44440.22220.40000.5000
RicardoRinconSL403550.50000.45003.00000.37500.12500.40000.3333
RicardoRincon
6147140.45900.35712.66670.34430.14750.35000.3333
GlendonRuschCH118141040.42370.14004.23080.27970.11860.25880.1515
GlendonRuschFA9132726410.47750.10781.51050.47860.16210.32980.3616
GlendonRuschFC183821010.48090.21593.13040.35520.10930.34750.2769
GlendonRuschSL14459850.45830.22731.78570.38890.09030.43180.5000
GlendonRusch
13584279310.47130.13751.82680.43520.14360.33640.3536
RonVilloneCH740740.44590.27279.25000.16220.14860.35480.0833
RonVilloneFA7473204270.43240.16102.19700.39490.10170.29870.3627
RonVilloneSL277202750.37910.17144.37500.28520.09390.24240.2785
RonVillone
10985225760.41990.17142.77980.35150.10290.28790.3368
BrianFuentesCH25112500.47810.30008.35710.23510.09560.39060.2373
BrianFuentesFA11662019650.47600.20181.72320.49740.14070.28500.3310
BrianFuentesSL231144870.41560.51042.64860.34630.12120.32450.4125
BrianFuentes
164834613020.46780.25552.18550.43630.13110.31320.3324
WillOhmanCH291280.34480.100018.00000.13790.03450.24000.0000
WillOhmanFA7393064330.40600.12001.56730.42220.15290.22950.3526
WillOhmanSL4462312150.52470.38462.90740.35870.09870.41610.2813
WillOhman
12145386760.44810.23351.96020.39210.13010.30220.3256
HoracioRamirezCH19621940.50000.16335.12500.39290.13780.33610.2468
HoracioRamirezFA9803156650.44180.09701.68140.47140.13880.31850.4199
HoracioRamirezFC414973170.50970.08063.12240.39130.14980.33730.2222
HoracioRamirezSL2711581130.39850.21302.05660.38380.13280.32930.4904
HoracioRamirez
186157212890.45670.11532.13350.43260.14020.32670.3727
CaseyFossumCH3031.00000.0000
1.00000.0000
0.0000
CaseyFossumCU15668880.39740.38712.61540.33970.14100.31070.4340
CaseyFossumFA3011121890.36880.16221.98410.42190.13950.24710.4646
CaseyFossumSL3261621640.53370.21841.84910.45400.14110.38760.2905
CaseyFossum
7863424440.44530.22862.04930.42110.13990.31650.3776
MarkHendricksonCH586635230.54610.16563.66670.36520.09560.42200.2383
MarkHendricksonCU4921533390.32320.24531.65600.41670.09960.23690.5561
MarkHendricksonFA231665616600.48450.13102.19890.41670.14080.32940.2984
MarkHendrickson
339487225220.47170.14932.22740.40780.12700.33330.3273
CarmenPignatielloFA211290.38100.3750
0.23810.14290.25000.2000
CarmenPignatielloSL2411130.54170.07692.33330.45830.12500.46150.3636
CarmenPignatiello
4523220.46670.19056.66670.35560.13330.34480.3125
TravisBlackleyCH5917420.62710.21621.75000.50850.13560.44830.2000
TravisBlackleyCU13490.38460.20007.00000.23080.15380.20000.0000
TravisBlackleyFA7423510.31080.04352.64290.36490.14860.21280.5185
TravisBlackleyFC197120.21050.25004.00000.10530.15790.17650.5000
TravisBlackley
165511140.41820.15942.69230.37580.14550.27180.3387



Here's a far fetched LOOGY projection
Hitoki Iwase
IP 51
HR 4
SO 39
BB 16
ERA 3.84


1 comments:

Harry Pavlidis said...

I just added ex-Giant prospect, Australian Travis Blackley. He pitched for someone's AAA team in 2008, and is currently a minor league free agent.

Blackley is pitching for Mexicali, hoping to catch on. Watching a little bit tonight, he hit 91 - if you believe the radar gun in Mazaltan (km/hr?)